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| Letter of the community |
Since the end of the sixteenth century families living in Bergamo Protestant (1) engaged in the trade that come from Switzerland, notably from Zurich.
The merchants are the first who come into contact with new ideas and contributing to their spread, communicating personal experiences and carrying books by reformed (of Oecolampadius, Pomeranian, Zwingle, Zelantone, Bulingero, were introduced in the city by the merchant Graubunden Bartholomew Press) , books that are right in Bergamo a collection and sorting. The Bergamo with the Valtellina and Graubünden was in the past, a major transit zone.
The merchants are the first who come into contact with new ideas and contributing to their spread, communicating personal experiences and carrying books by reformed (of Oecolampadius, Pomeranian, Zwingle, Zelantone, Bulingero, were introduced in the city by the merchant Graubunden Bartholomew Press) , books that are right in Bergamo a collection and sorting. The Bergamo with the Valtellina and Graubünden was in the past, a major transit zone.
The Inquisition forced many Italians to flee, they find protection, especially in hospitals Swiss cantons, where the presence of religious refugees has a significant influence in the sphere of production and trade of silk.
beginning they work for others, then put them on their own, become agents agents, accumulate capital to invest in businesses, real estate and banks.
Venice, merchant power, fight the heresies of his subjects but agree on its territory, even favors the presence of foreign reformed.
Venice, merchant power, fight the heresies of his subjects but agree on its territory, even favors the presence of foreign reformed.
Trade between Bergamo and the Swiss cantons are frequent. Is formed in the city formed a Swiss colony in part also by children of former refugees who Bergamo, protected dal salvacondotto della nazione amica, possono entrare senza problemi nel territorio della Repubblica Veneta. Essi provengono per lo più da Zurigo, sono giovani, ricchi, capaci ed aprono la strada a nuove fiorenti attività .
Venezia è sempre più interessata ad un intenso commercio con la Svizzera ed è disposta a concessioni anche in campo religioso (2) , in un periodo in cui, in altre zone, l' intolleranza raggiunge il suo apice ( Milano era allora sotto domininazione spagnola).
Così, i commercianti protestanti Ronco and Orelli - driven from Locarno because of their faith and refugees in Zurich - who went to Bergamo to buy silk and cotton, eventually stopping at the Lombard city. In Bergamo, were joined by other families who were in similar situations, such as Pestalozzi and von Muralt.  |
| Manifesto of diligence to Chur, Milan, 1821 |
(1) The term "Protestant" refers to the set of churches arose directly from the Reformation, or to however you call it, even if they have a 'more recent origin or more remote.
(2) The first Swiss Consul in Bergamo in 1609 assumed the functions, that is already 400 years ago. It was a general who asked Zurich authorities immediately of three things for its citizens: the authorization of the firearms, the exemption of taxes and the freedom of worship . The first request was granted, the second and the third received no answer was the subject of a compromise: the Swiss authorities said they could practice their religion as they wanted, but at home them. Swiss Protestants in Bergamo It had to wait until 1876 to get their church in the city.
But after the second half of the eighteenth century that the Swiss colony grows with number of arrivals of entrepreneurs in the field of silk povenienti beyond the Alps (the "wave of silk).
Away from the mode and type of travel or travel-discovery education, the transfer for these immigrants was done on "Following a tradition of contacts between the century-old eastern Switzerland and northern Italy, cities of the Venetian rule in particular," a tradition of predominantly commercial nature whose origins date back precisely to the century Reformation. Bergamo like other towns had become one of the main squares of silk worked for trade, trade that had its apex in the period of Fair (August 22 to September 8).
The Swiss Grisons come from neighbors and from the canton of Zurich : s is the families of traders and entrepreneurs source Graubunden ( Zamboni, Andreossi of St. Moritz, Bonorand Lavin, Curò Frizzoni , Saluzzi, Print, the Zavaritt of Schanf ), and Zurich ( Gessner, Sieber, Steiner ) who settle permanently in Bergamo, implanting mills, attracted by the new possibilities offered by orobica silk manufacturing and commercial potential of Veneto and Lombardy (from the second half of other enterprising Swiss to reach Bergamo and there planting cotton industries flourished ).
Within a few years, the merchants of the reformed faith had acquired significant economic power (thanks to a common customs particularly conducive to trade and smuggling, due to the continental block to England, decreed by Napoleon in 1806) which had led other families Zurich and the Grisons, to see Bergamo not only as a place of transit of their goods, but as a city where you can establish their headquarters for production and marketing of silk products .
Families Swiss-French , while remaining linked via a wise policy double - to form an intricate network of relationships and embracing the Protestant community - buy land, houses, engage in any activities. Created the first "Swiss Bergamo .
addition to their family of ancient lineage and the emerging middle class, they will then write the industrial history of the city , contributing greatly - through a strong entrepreneurial skills and civic engagement - the economic development and social of Bergamo (3) .
In the climate of relative freedom ushered in by the French Revolution, which is imposed in Bergamo in 1797 with the fall of the Republic of Venice , the reformed group of families of Swiss origin, which have added some French Huguenots (4) from southern France, founded in 1807 a evangelical community (expression of the new European bourgeoisie devoted to commerce and finance) and appoint as the first pastor of the Community, the young theologian John Zurich Caspar Orelli.
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| Portrait of Antonio Frizzoni Senior |
But after the second half of the eighteenth century that the Swiss colony grows with number of arrivals of entrepreneurs in the field of silk povenienti beyond the Alps (the "wave of silk).
Away from the mode and type of travel or travel-discovery education, the transfer for these immigrants was done on "Following a tradition of contacts between the century-old eastern Switzerland and northern Italy, cities of the Venetian rule in particular," a tradition of predominantly commercial nature whose origins date back precisely to the century Reformation. Bergamo like other towns had become one of the main squares of silk worked for trade, trade that had its apex in the period of Fair (August 22 to September 8).
The Swiss Grisons come from neighbors and from the canton of Zurich : s is the families of traders and entrepreneurs source Graubunden ( Zamboni, Andreossi of St. Moritz, Bonorand Lavin, Curò Frizzoni , Saluzzi, Print, the Zavaritt of Schanf ), and Zurich ( Gessner, Sieber, Steiner ) who settle permanently in Bergamo, implanting mills, attracted by the new possibilities offered by orobica silk manufacturing and commercial potential of Veneto and Lombardy (from the second half of other enterprising Swiss to reach Bergamo and there planting cotton industries flourished ).
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| Zavaritt Julius and his wife Martha and children Güttinger |
Within a few years, the merchants of the reformed faith had acquired significant economic power (thanks to a common customs particularly conducive to trade and smuggling, due to the continental block to England, decreed by Napoleon in 1806) which had led other families Zurich and the Grisons, to see Bergamo not only as a place of transit of their goods, but as a city where you can establish their headquarters for production and marketing of silk products .
addition, the province and the city had many advantages for traders in Switzerland: the abundance of rivers and water diversion that allowed virtually free use of hydraulic power , as well as the presence of labor a very low cost (due to the difficult situation of agriculture Bergamo).
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| portrait of Fulvia Fossati de Regibus |
Families Swiss-French , while remaining linked via a wise policy double - to form an intricate network of relationships and embracing the Protestant community - buy land, houses, engage in any activities. Created the first "Swiss Bergamo .
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| Portrait of Giovanna Giulini Door |
addition to their family of ancient lineage and the emerging middle class, they will then write the industrial history of the city , contributing greatly - through a strong entrepreneurial skills and civic engagement - the economic development and social of Bergamo (3) .
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| 1908. Bergamo, family Fuzier (Stock Photo Sestini) |
In the climate of relative freedom ushered in by the French Revolution, which is imposed in Bergamo in 1797 with the fall of the Republic of Venice , the reformed group of families of Swiss origin, which have added some French Huguenots (4) from southern France, founded in 1807 a evangelical community (expression of the new European bourgeoisie devoted to commerce and finance) and appoint as the first pastor of the Community, the young theologian John Zurich Caspar Orelli.
The cult is celebrated on Sunday in a private home, the family Bonorandi, source Graubunden, in the district of Santo Spirito (now Via Tasso 109). From here you will in a oratory Mariton proceeds in the property (now Via Borfuro 14).
The birth of the evangelical community (whose members are about eighty at the time of the foundation in 1807 ) feeds formation of an organized community.
(3) A constant presence to this day, characterized dal rigore morale e dal senso del dovere di impostazione calvinista.
The integration of communities across the Alps in the local context is even more evident in the political involvement of many of its components in the Risorgimento (5) .
The birth of the evangelical community (whose members are about eighty at the time of the foundation in 1807 ) feeds formation of an organized community.
(3) A constant presence to this day, characterized dal rigore morale e dal senso del dovere di impostazione calvinista.
Ancora oggi a Bergamo vi sono parecchi cognomi elvetici . In buona parte, queste persone hanno la doppia cittadinanza, svizzera e italiana, come per esempio le famiglie Legler, Honegger, Steiner, Blondel, von Orelli e Zavaritt.
(4) Accanto a costoro, nello stesso periodo s'insedieranno a Bergamo anche famiglie di provenienza francese delle Cevenne, come Cavaliè, Fuzier, Mariton e Ginoulhiac .
Cesare Ginouilhiac fu il fondatore del principale istituto di credito locale: la Banca Popolare di Bergamo, which he chaired from 1869 to 1879. (4) Accanto a costoro, nello stesso periodo s'insedieranno a Bergamo anche famiglie di provenienza francese delle Cevenne, come Cavaliè, Fuzier, Mariton e Ginoulhiac .
The integration of communities across the Alps in the local context is even more evident in the political involvement of many of its components in the Risorgimento (5) .
Although between the industrialists and serum of an economic need in mind, namely to develop a single market Italian, with no customs barriers between the individual states of the peninsula, but there are strong reasons for ideal the defense of the country's social and political freedoms . Also had interest to maintain privileged relations with the Austrian market, because their products were destined for Europe.
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| Giovanni Battista Berizzi, silk manufacturer. Oil on canvas. Property: Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Handicrafts of Bergamo |
(5) Just read the names of components of the provisional government in 1848 , exiles for political reasons by the Austrian Government or those of the volunteers Garibaldi to emphasize the ' active participation in the events of the Risorgimento of representatives of the main families involved in industry and commerce silky, among others here remember the family Berizzi (Giambattista died on the Gotthard an avalanche October 27, 1848, while trying to return to Bergamo after the riots) Lodovico Caroli, Carlo Gambarini, Gabriele Camozzi, the Swiss families
How this can weigh on the choice "My Computer and French (Nicola Bonorandi , commander the volunteer corps of the Tyrol, Steiner, Frizzoni, Zavaritt, Ginoulhiac, Curò ecc. ), Francesco Nullo e tanti altri. Accanto alle motivazioni ideali e alla difesa delle libertà politiche e sociali, certamente tra gli industriali serici bergamaschi è ben presente, almeno dal 1847, l' esigenza di sviluppare un mercato unico su tutto il suolo nazionale italiano non più frammentato dalle innumerevoli barriere doganali create dai singoli stati della penisola . gimentale" dei setaioli risulta evidente se poi si tiene conto che gran parte della produzione di seta filata bergamasca trova il proprio sbocco non tanto nel mercato austriaco, ma in quello francese, inglese e degli stati dell'Italia centrale .
A crucial role in the manufacturing sector that performs just the capital city, not only because of the major spinning seat, but because it is the city to attract to himself the companies with greater value added (the plant for curing the Talabot of Berizzi , described by contemporaries as the vanguard of the whole of Lombardy) and a higher technological content .
The making of silk , "Gold of Bergamo," just for the production process that involves also affects those who see in the agricultural sectors of the aristocracy cultivation of mulberry trees a chance to escape the endemic problems of agriculture Bergamo so there is no doubt that many families like the random Roncalli and Piazzoni side with the men of the Renaissance Bergamo .
After the period of Austrian rule, which forces the community on the defensive and live almost clandestine condition, with the ' Unification of Italy and the introduction of new freedoms covered the Statuto Albertino, the in Bergamo, also saw the growing number of faithful due to new arrivals, decides to build a temple (designed by the architect. Frizzoni James in Viale Vittorio Emanuele) on the family property Frizzoni (6) the center of Bergamo, viale today in Rome. The church was inaugurated in 1876 .
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| Portrait of Antonio Frizzoni junior |
(6) Frizzoni Palace was owned by the family dell'engadinese Frizzoni John, who in participated in the 1848 uprising against Austrian rule Bergamo who oppressed Milan. Frizzoni Henry, a descendant of John, donated to the city in 1927.
Frizzoni family in Bergamo also distinguished himself for his charitable works. One of its members, Theodore Frizzoni, he founded the 'Opera Bergamo for the health of children. "
Also important is the presence Swiss Art in Bergamo, which has most of its works of art to architects, sculptors and engravers Ticino.
L 'inside the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore was designed by Sala, Lugano.
The magnificent baroque structure of cathedral is the work of one of the greatest architects in Ticino: Carlo Fontana, a pupil of Bernini.
The Palazzo Terzi also bears the signatures the designer Vincenzo Angelo Orelli, Locarno, and the sculptor Camuzio Muzio, whose family home was the refuge of Ticino in Montagnola the writer Hermann Hesse. In a room of the building there are the frescoes of Carporo Tencalla.
The Monument to Gaetano Donizetti is a work of Vincenzo Vela, of Ligornetto. The Swiss architect Mario Botta has completed several projects in the city of Lombardy, particularly in a university library and a church.
ROUTES IN THE CITY '
The patriotism and philanthropy of some important exponents of Swiss origin, can be detected in a route which, starting from Torre Memorial , including the Evangelical Church of Via Roma, the 'outside and the garden of Palazzo Frizzoni the eighteenth-century palace Via T. Tasso , sede del Centro Culturale Protestante .
Il mecenatismo , è invece rintracciabile in un percorso nelle sale dell' Accademia Carrara , lungo il quale si possono ammirare le numerose e preziose opere donate alla città da famiglie protestanti.
Correlazioni
- L'antica Fiera di Bergamo (e seg g.)
Il mecenatismo , è invece rintracciabile in un percorso nelle sale dell' Accademia Carrara , lungo il quale si possono ammirare le numerose e preziose opere donate alla città da famiglie protestanti.
Correlazioni
- L'antica Fiera di Bergamo (e seg g.)
- Industrial development and the cotton sector in Bergamo after the Unification of Italy
Bibliography
Maria G. Girardet - Thomas Soggin, A Reformed presence in Bergamo. The Evangelical Christian community over two centuries , Sextant Edizioni, Bergamo 2007.
Bibliography
Maria G. Girardet - Thomas Soggin, A Reformed presence in Bergamo. The Evangelical Christian community over two centuries , Sextant Edizioni, Bergamo 2007.
Bergamo-When was the crossroads of trade between Switzerland and Venice , Pier Maria Sogliani .
- By François Agazzi, Louis Blondel Swiss businessman in Bergamo (1749-1812) .
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