In the late eighteenth century and the second half of 'nineteenth century, the political, social and economic shifts increasingly from Bergamo Upper Town to Town low.
Neighborhoods Borgo San Leonardo, San Antonio Borgo, Borgo Palazzo and Borgo Santa Caterina significantly increase their population.
The radical changes undertaken by Città in the first half of the nineteenth century, albeit less
The radical changes undertaken by Città in the first half of the nineteenth century, albeit less
intensity and speed, also involve areas outside the Muraine and especially those located along the entrance road to the city.
are due mainly to the following reasons:
1. Large accumulated wealth during the eighteenth century by entrepreneurs -merchants of wool and silk
lead these families to move from province - and especially from the Valley and the Val Gandino Seriana - both 'ennobled' in town with important buildings, and because the city is the median place to be closer to new investments in real estate and also in the business.
In parallel, the new generation of entrepreneurs silk , in part coming from the Grisons and partly native, needs to settle in the city to better manage their own affairs, though often keeps
houses province or provide for the construction of "holiday homes" the hills of Bergamo (several to Astin), or in Boccaleone Redona.
2. L ' huge commercial development of the Fair and expansion of its opening times or otherwise used as a warehouse and place
wholesale, become the property of the whole area and Exhibition Prato (now Sentierone) in the middle of the city place, not only from a topographical point of view, but also symbolic. The Fair
becomes, especially when they run out the echoes of the Napoleonic wars, paradigm of modernity and reason to boast of a city that no longer feels necessarily subordinate to the rites and fashions of the aristocracy.
3. The erection of propylaea Porta Nuova (the new toll barrier inaugurated on August 20 1837 , coinciding with the opening of the Fair of St. Alexander) opening of the road Ferdinandea today Viale Vittorio Emanuele II (on which work began in 1838 and are completed with the opening of the final stretch to the new railway station ) as well as connecting the lower part with the high, are important for their high symbolic value : Porta Nuova, with its propylaea, is designed in order to create an explicit noble and monumental entrance to the city's business , while on the road Ferdinandea , as well as the undoubted advantage in terms economic, and roads, both of decorum should be stressed that the artery represents symbolically break out of modernity and at the same time a sort of bridge thrown to the 'venerable' aristocracy for full integration into the new century (a few years later, on the same line to the south, the rise railway station and goods yard (1857).
4. The city's population, from 24 000 inhabitants of 1803, passed to 32 000 1843 of and 38,765 of
1861, the sign of a certain vivacità soprattutto nel periodo che va dalla fine dell’epidemia petecchiale (1817-
1818) alla crisi serica del 1851. Come è facile pensare, l’aumento demografico si registra nelle nuove aree urbanizzate poste lungo le direttrici di accesso alla città.
4. The city's population, from 24 000 inhabitants of 1803, passed to 32 000 1843 of and 38,765 of
1861, the sign of a certain vivacità soprattutto nel periodo che va dalla fine dell’epidemia petecchiale (1817-
1818) alla crisi serica del 1851. Come è facile pensare, l’aumento demografico si registra nelle nuove aree urbanizzate poste lungo le direttrici di accesso alla città.
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| Il brutto periodo della carestia nella Bergamasca |
Lungo il reticolo di rogge cittadine , sia nel Comune censuario di Boccaleone (1) sia in quello di Bergamo city (2) , born manufacturing new settlements, especially the silk spinning , including location, not so much need for production strictly, as for reasons related to the ability attractions ( social prestige, proximity between home and place of production, proximity to place of business of the Fair).
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| The spinning of silk in Bergamo |
This trend will remain at least until the great crisis serum during the years 1850-1860, when, albeit gradually, the factories tend to move towards the province and particularly along the waterways used with more profit for the movement of machinery.
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| system for hydraulic hammers in the middle of the eighteenth century |
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| watermills in the middle of the eighteenth century |
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| hydraulic spinning out of Borgo San Leonardo, the first half of the nineteenth century |
(1) Localizations manufacturing out muraine (1850):
Le filande si localizzano per lo più presso Borgo S. Caterina (Bettoni, Passi, Pezzoli), lungo la direttrice di penetrazione in città, ovviamente al di fuori della porta daziaria di S. Caterina.
La filatura del cotone di Laura Venanzi è in località Casalino, lungo una derivazione del Morla.
I molini da grano , tra i quali si segnalano per importanza Costanzo Piazzoni in those places Broseta, di Bonaventura Caironi in Boccaleone, Maggioni Giovanni in Borgo Palazzo and Ignanzio Fornoni to Mary Magdalene, they also follow the course of streams and diversions.
The furnaces appear to be mostly located in Borgo S. Catherine, not necessarily close to water courses, while sawmills have as a prerequisite to the proximity to the irrigation ditches.
I hammers are located mostly in the area that has the name recognized, "the hammer" Morla between the stream and the district of Borgo S. Catherine.
(2) Manufacturing Locations inside muraine (1850):
In Bergamo city were 19 for silk spinning and cotton spinning within the walls of the toll Muraine.
The spinning of the Swiss Frizzoni is in the district of Prato, built a farmhouse, used in part as a mill, but especially near the dwelling house, located just behind in S. Ursula. The same applies to the two spinners, interspersed by the dwelling house of Louis Caroli, along via Broseta little before the door and near the Canal Serio. The spinning of Leonardo Baizini , located along the Canal towards Borgo S. Serio Antonio, are also close to the dwelling house. Also interesting is the location of mills Dear Federico, consisting of a trapezoid shaped building used as a textile mill in the center and occupied by a large lawn of 3.04 poles from another building to use spinning (both located in the Canal Serio near the top of Broseta) and, in the middle of the main house. A little more decentralized is the spinning of the Belli brothers (San Bernardino), but also in the vicinity of dwelling houses.
for cotton spinning company Zuppinger John James, who at the date of the cadastral survey had now partly shifted their production to Boldone Tower is located a few tens of meters from the exhibition area in Mason, but especially for what I want to stress here, is contiguous to the dwelling house.
As for the foolish for their wool, now reduced to only two buildings are located near the fair along the junction of Canal Serio. This location is justified by the proximity to the main site for disposal of shoes not only during periods canons of conduct of the feast of St. Alexander, but throughout the year.
Apart from a certain activity of the aristocratic families (3) (a ncora mid-nineteenth century, the strength of the nobility in the territory is very strong, remarkable are the properties of the noble families outside the city) is in the economy is in the process of shaping the land and its functions, there is no doubt that are the families of bourgeoisie engaged in processing or marketing of thirst to dictate the "pace of the city 'outside of the Venetian walls (4) .
(3) is also significant to note the choice of many noble families to invest in the cultivation of mulberry (a Valtesse, Boccaleone, Redon, Astin), semi-detached houses with attached ee holiday home.
The noble descent as the value is concentrated mainly in cities (52% of the total property of nobility; Boccaleone il 28%; Redona il 6%); ma è a Boccaleone con il 32,3% e a Redona con il 48,1% delle proprietà complessive di tutti ceti sociali, dove paiono trovarsi gli interessi più rilevanti . Sul valore complessivo i terreni incidono in percentuale sulle proprietà nobiliari per il 34,75% , mentre le proprietà immobiliari per il 61,7% .
(4) Fra queste, vi sono famiglie che diversificano i propri interessi, creando sul territorio delle presenze significative: Caffi : possiedono two spinners, a hammer for iron, a dwelling house and land 12.72 poles to all sites along the river Morla at the Capuchin Convent in Boccaleone.
Dear : it is among the leading families of the new middle class and among the most enterprising. In 1835, their company is among the top three (along with those of John Pass and Giacinto Pezzoli) to install the steam machinery at the mill in the district of St. Lazarus, where there is also the "Store of thirst." Two other shops, always engaged in the activities of the family, are located in S. Bernardino. They have no more real estate. Caroli : possess, as detto, importanti attività produttive poste in Broseta, ed anche 417 gelsi localizzati soprattutto a Colognola, dove vi sono la casa colonica e terreni coltivati su 75 pertiche. Altri terreni coltivati, con due case coloniche, sono posti in Astino, mentre in Boccaleone, ma in realtà nella zona Longuelo contigua a quella degli opifici, troviamo terreni coltivi per 71 pertiche. In città la famiglia possiede altre quattro abitazioni, di non rilevante pregio, contigue alle unità
produttive, probabilmente adibite ad alloggi per i dipendenti.
Fornoni : sono proprietari di due filatoi e una filanda in contrada S. Tomaso, situati in un unico spazio omogeneo, a few tens of meters from the Accademia Carrara. In addition to the dwelling house does not appear to have other properties.
Frizzoni : It 's been already described the localization of spinning the Swiss Frizzoni Antonio and home in Prato town. The properties are complemented by a farmhouse, used partly as a textile mill, near the dwelling house, located just behind in S. Ursula. In Boccaleone has 32 acres of vineyard plows, while Redona 460 mulberry trees over an area of \u200b\u200b235 perches with house. His brother John Leonardo has extensive real estate in the city instead.
Fuzier : with a spinning wheel in Borgo Palace have shops along the Canal Morlan, used for the trading of silk, near Port Osio (just in front of the property Dear), a place of passage for goods coming from or bound for Milan. In Valle d'Astino have the farmhouse and adjoining "holiday home" at St. Martino Laziness.
Saluzzi : Swiss origin, have two spinners in Borgo S. Catherine, bordering the municipality of Bergamo city census, the dwelling house is in the S. Bartholomew and overlooks the new road of great prestige, now Via Tasso, near the primitive seat of the Chamber of Commerce.
Along this path we come to the Church of S. Bartholomew seat precisely the Chamber of Commerce, Curò home, a house with a workshop of Andrea Pass, buildings owned Mazzi, Giuseppe Locatelli, Giuseppe Malliani, Francis Grange, Celestino Valania, Isidoro Landri, the location of the pious said rescue (Oratorio House and hospitalization) and, finally, in front of the Church of St. Spirit, the elementary schools of the municipality of Bergamo. On the other side, opposite the church of S. Bartholomew, buildings are placed in large part to the civil functions (after 1860 these areas will be occupied by new government buildings in the city and state): the cattle market, elementary schools, home Noli (on the corner of what is now Via Monte Bianco), followed by a number of shops (of which some men owned the orphanage) and the wide house of industry, property of ' Place pious namesake.
Steiner : Calolzio to have one of the first steam mills and a spinning wheel to Vaucanson, but it's not in the shop to register the sale of silks, reported in the publications of the Chamber of Commerce, but not in the record companies. The house is located at the beginning of what is now Via XX Settembre, in the district of Prato.
John Pesenti Magazzeni: of great importance are the properties of this wool industry, with crazy clothes by customs at Contrada (a few meters of the Fair and Porta Nuova), dwelling house in Via XX Settembre in front of house and a number of Steiner more shops in the area of \u200b\u200bFair Lawn and Contrada.
Other real estate located in Borgo Palazzo, chestnuts, and Colognola.
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| Street Customs (at the church of St. Bartholomew) |
Q HIS internal development to Muraine the first half of the produce significant effects in the organization of public spaces and in particular in ' urbanization of the areas on the border between city and Boccaleone Bergamo.
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| Napoleonic cadastral map of the city of Bergamo (Milan HS) - Special |
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| G. Manzini, Map of the particular towns and villages outside of it, 1816 |
IN THE MURAINE
It 's ull'asse dictated by the building of the Fair - the midpoint of the development - which will see major changes ,
Thus, in 1850 a heavily populated city high (5) and still characterized by the presence of public buildings (courts, prisons, ...), with the hills are partially cultivated, in 'the area within Muraine , large spaces used for vegetable garden in the middle of the building and Fair and Square Wood as genuine 'urban armor, "with the bourgeoisie houses located along this street axis.
Via XX Settembre and and the area adjacent to arterial road to the fair in fact, become a privileged place for the new residence bourgeois : beginning of Via XX Settembre find home Stainer, of Opposite is the home of the wool industry Magazzeni Pesenti, and then the great house of Piazzoni Costanzo.
In Fountain Square is the home of the Void. Along the current
viaTasso begins to take shape the urban future vocation which sees the coexistence of the mercantile middle class homes in the and productive with new civic buildings .
here than at home Curò Saluzzi and other middle-class families are in fact the seat of the Chamber of Commerce . In surrounding areas : cultivated areas, the strong presence of the mulberry tree, scattered houses with sparse concentration dominated by houses, but, in parallel, strong ties 'visible and invisible' to the city proper, and for the ownership structure of spaces, and because the production flow to the squares of the city, in a bond of mutual dependence .
(5) The closed city in the old walls is essentially dominated by the polarization between the homes of noblemen (having a large property in the building also top Borgo Pignolo , considered a natural extension of Upper Town) and the wealthy clergy on the one hand and those reserved to instead other popular classes.
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| G. Manzini, Map of the particular towns and villages outside of it, 1816 |
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| Murnigotti, Plan of the middle and lower city, 1892 |
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| R. Fuzier, topo-hydrographic map of the city and suburbs, 1896: Detail of the Fair |
OUTSIDE THE MURAINE
penetration near the road to the town (the areas around Port Broseta , Port Osio, Porta S. Antonio Porta S. and Catherine ), we see a new urbanization: the extension of common census shows the crucial role of Boccaleone , which built focuses substantially along the lines of entry into the city , especially towards Borgo Palazzo and Borgo S. Catherine , assuming the role of "shadows of the city."
Bergamo Foundation for the History
Video: half 800 - location of the spinning inside and outside the Muraine
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